This innovation occurred during the napoleonic wars , largely in response to military exigencies , and is generally associated with nicolas appert , yet another figure unrecognized today except by historians of technology 这项发明源于拿破仑战争，主要是为应急于军事紧急状况，由尼古拉斯阿佩特所完成。但在技术史领域之外，阿佩特至今尚未被人赏识。
Writing in the years of the french revolution , the napoleonic wars , and the early industrial revolution , these writers conveyed a spirit of chaos and upheaval even in stories whose settings are seemingly farthest removed from those cataclysmic historical events 这些作家都经历了法国大革命、拿破仑战争和早期的工业革命，即使作品本身的背景和这些剧变中的历史事件似乎遥不可及，但也传达其混乱和变动的精神。
The napoleonic wars , though more doubtful , appear to us the effect of the free will of the leading heroes of those wars . but in the crusades we see an event , filling its definite place in history , without which the modern history of europe is inconceivable , although to the chroniclers of the crusades , those events appeared simply due to the will of a few persons 拿破仑发动的战争，我们依然认为是英雄的意志所产生的结果，尽管我们对此有所怀疑但是，我们已经把十字军东征看作占有一定地位的事件，没有这桩事件，欧洲的近代史就不堪想象，虽然在十字军的编年史家看来，这桩事件不过是某些人的意志的产物。
